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Why should temperature be specified when doing weak acid pH calculations?


Kw varies with temperature, and the variation isn't small. According to Whitfield,

log Kw = -4470.99/T + 6.0875 - 0.01706 T

Temperature affects both the ionization of water and the ionization of the acid, so Ka will vary with temperature too. Depending on H for the reaction, the Ka variation may be a more important temperature influence on weak acid equilibrium calculations than the Kw variation. Every numerical value of an equilibrium constant should be accompanied by a temperature.

Most acid-base titrations are done at room temperature for convenience (glassware is usually calibrated for 20°C), and when people say "Kw is 1.01×10-14" or "pH + pOH = 14", they're talking about room temperature. These numbers are easy to remember and they're appropriate for most situations you'll encounter in general chemistry. It's an i you'll often find undotted.

But consider calculating the pH of blood plasma inside a living organism. You'd have to take the temperature variation of Kw into account (pKw is 13.60 at body temperature (37°C), and 13.996 at room temperature (25°C)). It's a little more difficult to take into account the temperature variation of the various Ka's in the plasma buffering system. The analysts just measure the pH at 37°C rather than taking the measurement at a different temperature and bothering with a temperature correction.

References

  1. M. Whitfield, in Chemical Oceanography, J. P. Riley and Skirrow, Eds., Vol. 1, 2nd ed., Academic, New York, 1975, pp. 44-171.

Author: Fred Senese senese@antoine.frostburg.edu



General Chemistry Online! Why should temperature be specified when doing weak acid pH calculations?

Copyright © 1997-2010 by Fred Senese
Comments & questions to fsenese@frostburg.edu
Last Revised 02/23/18.URL: http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/acidbase/faq/temperature-dependence-Kw.shtml