
 Home Common Compounds Exam Guide FAQ Features Glossary Construction Kits Companion Notes Just Ask Antoine! Simulations Slide Index Toolbox Tutorial Index
FAQ
Introduction Measurement Matter Atoms & ions Compounds Chemical change The mole Gases Energy & change The quantum theory Electrons in atoms The periodic table Chemical bonds Solids Liquids Solutions
Redox reactions Reaction rates Organic chemistry Everyday chemistry Inorganic chemistry Environmental chemistry Laboratory History of chemistry Miscellaneous
|  |
Can you classify acids as strong or weak from their formulas alone?
- I want to know how to distinguish a strong acid and a weak acid at glance, without knowing if it reacts with water or base. I also want to do this for strong and weak bases. For example, is CH4 a strong or weak acid; is C2H5OH a strong or weak base?
Vaneswwei, University of California at Santa Cruz
-
Here are some very simple guidelines to classify compounds as strong or weak acids and bases.
But they're just that: guidelines. Apply them with caution and as always, common
sense and experimental evidence prevails.
There are very few strong acids in aqueous solution. In fact, only the following
six are common:
hydrochloric acid | HCl |
hydrobromic acid | HBr |
hydroiodic acid | HI |
sulfuric acid | H2SO4 |
nitric acid | HNO3 |
perchloric acid | HClO4 |
If the compound is an acid, and it is not on this list, you are usually safe
in assuming it's a weak acid in water. (Your example,
CH4, is a covalent
compound. It would have negligible acidity in water.)
Strong bases are also very rare. The most common strong bases are the alkali metal hydroxides and
the alkaline earth metal hydroxides (except Be(OH)2). If you have a base that is not one of these
in water, you can tentatively assume that it's a weak base.
Author: Fred Senese senese@antoine.frostburg.edu |